12th Century Ancient Tamil Character Recognition From Temple Wall Inscriptions

Vol. 1 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: May-Jul

Title: 12th Century Ancient Tamil Character Recognition From Temple Wall Inscriptions 

Author Name: Rajakumar S, Subbiah Bharathi V 

Synopsis: 

Recognition of any ancient Tamil characters with respect to any language is complicated, since the ancient Tamil characters differ in written format, intensity, scale, style, and orientation, from person to person. Researchers for the recognition of ancient Tamil languages and scripts are comparatively less with other languages, this is a result of the lack of utilities such as Tamil text databases, dictionaries etc. The problem of ancient Tamil character recognition is the technical challenge than other languages in respects to the similarity and complexity of characters that are composed of circles, holes, loops and curves. Hence ancient Tamil recognition requires more research to reach the ultimate goal of machine simulation of human reading. In this paper, we have made an attempt to recognize ancient Tamil characters by using SIFT features and presented a new and efficient approach based on bag-of key points representation. Collection of SIFT features are first extracted from local patches on the pre-processed images, and they are then quantized by K-means algorithm to form the bag-of-key points representation of the original images. These fixed-length feature vectors are used to classify the characters. A recognition system consists of the activities, namely, digitization, pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. This system achieves a maximum recognition accuracy of 84% using SIFT features.

Design Of A Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic PSS For A Single-Machine Power System

Vol. 1 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: May-Jul

Title: Design Of A Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic PSS For A Single-Machine Power System 

Author Name: SURENDRA VARIGONDA, G Srinivasulu 

Synopsis: 

The performance of fuzzy-logic power system stabilizer (FPSS), which is tuned automatically as the operatin conditions of power system change, is investigated by applying it to a single-machine power system. FPSS is developed using speed deviation and the derivative of speed deviation as the controller inputs variables. Two scaling parameters are introduced to tune the FPSS. These scaling parameters are the output of another fuzzy-logic system (FLS), which gets its inputs from the operating condition of the power system. The performance of the fuzzy PSS (FPSS) is compared with the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS). The simulations were tested under different with different membership functions such as trapezoidal, triangular and Gaussian membership functions. The simulation results are quite encouraging and satisfactory

Design and Construction of Biomedical Device for Measurement of Physiological Parameters of Human Body

Vol. 1 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: May-Jul

Title: Design and Construction of Biomedical Device for Measurement of Physiological Parameters of Human Body 

Author Name: Raksha Diwakar, sheikh rafik manihar, Jayant Rajpurohit 

Synopsis 

There is a huge market of noninvasive devices to measure the parameters. But they have limitations like either they are continuously health monitoring system or they can measure only one parameter and keep records. The health monitoring systems which are used in multispecialty hospitals are very bulky and costly. This paper proposes a design and implementation of a reliable, cheap, low powered non-intrusive and accurate system that can measure many parameters of human body and keep the records of each patient. It gives an idea to make a database of each patient so that whenever the patient comes to the doctor he doesn’t have to keep his record with him manually. Such a device can be handled by non technical personnel also and can be used both in small clinics and big hospitals. This paper is presented with a motto of saving time of both the doctor and patients. As the device can measure the vital signs in a very less time it can save time of doctor and no. of patients can be observed. This paper specifically deals with the signal conditioning and data acquisition of three vital signs: heart rate, body temperature, and weight. The vital signs that have been taken are temperature, heart rate and body mass index. The heart rate is measured by Heart beat sensor which works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse. The temperature is measured by using LM34 which measures the temperature directly in Fahrenheit and does not need external calibrations. And the weight is measured by load cell. Here a simple circuit is designed by using AT89S52 microcontroller as heart of the circuit. The three sensors are connected with microcontroller via signal conditioning equipments. The data is also easily accessible by both the doctor and patient as complete record of output can be generated by using VB as programming language.

Inter-Vehicular Critical Message Assist Using An Integrated Embedded System Through Zigbee

Vol. 1 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: May-Jul

Title: Inter-Vehicular Critical Message Assist Using An Integrated Embedded System Through Zigbee 

Author Name: J. Sidhu, N. Shivaani Varsha 

Synopsis: 

The main objective of this project is to improve the Road Vehicle safety features and to improve the global efficiency of the transportation system by reducing travel time and congestion, using a well defined durable development policy. Effective use of this Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is not only to improve the vehicular safety but also to enhance the efficiency of current transport system and driving comfort. The key point of ITS is how Vehicles communicate with each other, which means we need a set of communication protocols to facilitate moving vehicles. The traditional system is very costly due to deployment and is characterized by a long reaction time for processing and information transfer. The Goal of ITS is to improve security, efficiency and enjoyment in road transport through the use of New Technologies for Information and Communication (NTIC) with minimum cost. This system consists of sensor devices which are fixed in the vehicle and a Motor driver. The sensor devices monitor the position of the vehicle and send the relevant information to the microcontroller and it is displayed. The motor driver determines the speed of the motor based on the requirement of zones using zigbee wireless technology. The system is designed around the microcontroller with zigbee wireless technology to communicate between V-V for a wider communication range. It has been developed as a system for the vehicle to communicate with the neighboring vehicle by broadcasting their safety-critical information and alert the neighboring vehicles from possible collisions. It provides good feature to our cars and roads with capabilities to make the road more secure and to make our time on the road more enjoyable.

Adaptive Compensation Techniques For Power Consumption Of Sub-Threshold Circuits – A Review

Vol. 1 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Feb-Apr

Title: Adaptive Compensation Techniques For Power Consumption Of Sub-Threshold Circuits – A Review 

Author Name: Jasmer Singh, K .Saha , G. L. Pahuja 

Synopsis: 

IC Designers are struggling for tradeoff between significant variation effects and very tight power constraints in current nanometer regime. Usage of conventional timing safety margin approach becomes the cause of continuous power consumption to prevent the design from low probability timing variations.  Various solutions have been proposed to achieve optimized power consumption/dissipation. Dynamic Threshold Voltage Vth Scaling (DVTS), Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) are some of the reported techniques in literature to achieve optimized power consumption. These approaches deals with aggressive standby Vth and VDD scaling by tracking PVT variations to smartly tradeoff between safety of data and decreased power consumption. In this paper different power saving strategies are discussed along with their benefits and limitations. This study will be helpful to select an effective power saving strategy to minimize the power dissipation.

Micro-SAR Waveform Generation using FPGA

Vol. 1 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Feb-Apr

Title: Micro-SAR Waveform Generation using FPGA 

Author Name: R. Madhuri Muddapu, Abhilash 

Synopsis: 

This paper presents an FPGA based waveform generator for Micro-SAR (µSAR). µSAR is a low-cost, light-weight, and low power consumption (18 watts) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based applications. A chirp signal offers the advantages of better range accuracy, range resolution and Doppler sensitivity. In addition, better signal to noise ratio (SNR) and higher bandwidth, as compared to other pulse compression techniques prompts us to choose Linear Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (LFM-CW). In this paper different architectures of DDS have been discussed. In particular DDS based on Look Up Table (LUT), CORDIC algorithm and IIR filter have been implemented. Finally, a chirp signal required for µSAR is generated using LUT based DDS, based on parameters specified by Brigham Young University µSAR system.

Speaker Identification Using K-means Method Based on Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Vol. 1 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Feb-Apr

Title: Speaker Identification Using K-means Method Based on Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients 

Author Name: Dirman Hanafi, Abdul Syafiq Abdul Sukor 

Synopsis: 

The most commonly method use by people to protect their secured data or information is using password or PIN/ID protection. This method require user to authenticate them by entering password that they had already created. However, due to lack of security the data is not secured enough. There are cases of fraud and theft when people can easily know the password. But as time goes by, there is a new technology known as Biometric Identification System. It uses biometric characteristics of an individual that is unique and different from everyone else and therefore can be use to authenticate the user authority access. This paper focused on an implementation of speech recognition as medium security access control to restricted services such as phone banking system, voicemail or access to database services. First, speaker signal will go to pre-treatment process, where it will remove the background noise. Then, features from speech signal will be extracted using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) method. Then, using Vector Quantization, the features will be matched with the reference speech in database. The real speaker is identified by clustering the speech signal from the tested speaker to codebook of each speaker using K-means algorithm and the speaker with the lowest distortion Euclidean distances is chose as the correct speaker. The main focus of this research is speaker identification, which compared speech signal from unknown speaker to a database of known speaker using text-dependent utterances. From the experimental results shows that the method developed is able to recognize the correct voice source perfectly.  

Fixed 3x3 Threshold based Non Linear Filter for the Removal of Long Tailed noise and Artifacts in images

Vol. 1 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Feb-Apr

Title: Fixed 3x3 Threshold based Non Linear Filter for the Removal of Long Tailed noise and Artifacts in images 

Author Name: Vasanth Kishore, V. Jawahar Senthil Kumar 

Synopsis: 

A Threshold based fixed 3x3 filter for the removal of long tailed noise (impulse) and artifacts in images is proposed. The processing pixels are arranged in increasing order using a novel snake like sorting for finding median. The algorithm detects the corrupted pixel, if the absolute difference between the processed pixel and the unsymmetrical trimmed median is greater than a fixed threshold else termed as non noisy. Under high noise densities the computed median might also noisy. Hence the absolute difference of the median and unsymmetrical trimmed median filter is greater than second threshold then the corrupted pixels are replaced by the trimmed median of the current processing window else median is replaced else if condition fails the processed pixels is left unaltered. The filtering window is kept fixed at 3x3 for increasing noise densities. The proposed algorithm shows good results quantitatively and qualitatively when compared to existing and recent filters. The proposed algorithm is tested against different grayscale images and it gives higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), low Mean square error (MSE) and good Image Enhancement Factor (IEF) with edge preservation capabilities even at very high noise densities. The proposed Algorithm is non adaptive and can replace several individual algorithms for the removal of different artifacts.

Arithmetic Compactors Design: Application to Mixed Signal Systems

Vol. 1 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Feb-Apr

Title: Arithmetic Compactors Design: Application to Mixed Signal Systems 

Author Name: Vadim Geurkov, Lev Kirischian 

Synopsis: 

Arithmetic error-control codes have been used to protect data transmission and processing. These codes are implemented through the use of appropriate encoding/decoding devices. An important part of these devices is a residue computing circuit, which has also found its application in mixed-signal systems testing. Arithmetic error-control codes originated to protect data transfers over binary channels; therefore the design methodology for residue computing circuits has been mostly oriented to the binary case. A non-binary design technique has only been known for the special type of compaction modulo. In this work, we consider a design technique for a multiple-bit arithmetic compaction circuit with an arbitrary compaction modulus. The compaction process causes some errors in the data being compacted to escape from detection. It is assumed that these data are distorted (the rate of distortion is known), which additionally increases the error escape rate. We show how to design compaction circuits that do not increase the error escape rate due to distortion.