A Review Paper on 4 Bit ALU Design By Using GDI

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:A Review Paper on 4 Bit ALU Design By Using GDI
Author Name:Bhavesh Wagh and Moresh Mukhedker
Synopsis:
Arithmetic and Logic Circuits are to be designed with less power, compact size, less propagation delay in this fast growing era of technology. Arithmetic operations are indispensable and the basic functions for any high speed low power applications like digital signal processing, microprocessors, image processing, etc. Consumption of power is the major issue in designing these circuits. Also the number of transistors required is also the one of the issues in designing the circuits. To minimize the transistors required in designing the circuits and to reduce the power consumption of the circuits, the authors have referred some techniques to overcome these problems in this paper. By reviewing all these techniques, the authors try to implement the GDI technique to reduce the power consumption and transistors count or the area required to design the circuits.

Single OFCC Based Continuous Time Filter

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Single OFCC Based Continuous Time Filter
Author Name:Prateek Tripathi, Prashant Gola, Neeta Pandey and Rajeshwari Pandey
Synopsis:
A single Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC) based continuous time filter is proposed in this paper. The proposed filter can be configured for low pass, band pass and high pass responses by choosing proper impedances. It shows orthogonal controllability of pole frequency and quality factor. It can provide low pass, high pass and band pass responses by appropriately selecting component values. The verification of the theoretical proposition is done through AC and transient analysis in SPICE. The resilience of the circuit has been tested by the use of Monte Carlo analysis in SPICE.

Conventional CMOS Full-Adder for Energy-Efficient Arithmetic Applications Using SR-CPL and DPL

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Conventional CMOS Full-Adder for Energy-Efficient Arithmetic Applications Using SR-CPL and DPL
Author Name:Jayampu Manohar, P. Hari Krishna and K.V. Ramanaiah
Synopsis:
Energy-efficiency is one of the most required features of modern electronic systems designed for high-performance and/or portable applications. Now-a-days the need for having greater computing power based on battery operated mobile devices is increasing. For this, instead of optimizing the conventional delay time and area size, it is also required to minimize the power dissipation while still maintaining the high performance. An adder is an important element of all the arithmetic and logic units. The recent trends in VLSI are moving towards the need of the devices, which consume low power. Binary adders are one of the most basic and widely used in arithmetic operations. Full-adder is the fundamental unit to carry out the addition. Numerous logics have been proposed in the literature to implement full adder using MOS transistors, namely Pass transistor logic, Double pass transistor logic, DVL, CPL, etc. Full-adder implementing with a DPL logic style uses XOR/XNOR gates, and a pass-transistor based multiplexer to obtain the Sum (So) output, and SR-CPL logic style uses only XOR/XNOR gates. In both cases, the AND/OR gates are build using a powerless and groundless pass-transistor configuration, respectively, and pass-transistor based multiplexer to get the Carry (Co ) output. In this paper, DPL (Proposed Method), and SR-CPL are implemented using PSPICE software, among them SR-CPL shows better performance in Power Dissipation and it occupies less area in IC.

A Smartphone Based Physiological Parameters Monitoring System

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:A Smartphone Based Physiological Parameters Monitoring System
Author Name:Rahul Kher, and Nirav Patel 
Synopsis:
In medical treatment, diagnosis plays a very important role. A reliable, affordable wireless patient monitoring system has been designed. The designed system records the physiological parameters - body temperature, oxygen saturation in blood (SpO2 ), heart rate, as well as two bioelectrical signals-Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG). The recorded parameters and signals are then transferred via bluetooth communication protocol to an android based smartphone. The recorded parameters/signals can be transferred to the physician through internet storage and generates alert messages in case of abnormal situations. The android based application comprises of the following features such as, storing the location of the patient, data on the device and internet drive, and view of ECG and EEG graphs. In addition, it helps in monitoring the patient's physiological parameters over the smartphone. An alert mechanism is also provided, which will send the message to the physician when the abnormal condition arise.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrosion Affected Instrumentation System along with its Alleviation Path

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrosion Affected Instrumentation System along with its Alleviation Path
Author Name:Sheikh Rafik Manihar Ahmed, Vishal Sinha, and Vishal Sharma
Synopsis:
This paper explains the devastating effects of different corrosive gases on electronic instruments and details out its alleviation/mitigation path. Now-a-days all electronic instrumentation along with control and monitoring systems for industrial process control are based on NSMD/SMD technology including ICs. Many of the industrial process or during different process reaction of the plant, reactive gases are released which contains a particular amount (Ppm/Ppb) of sulfur, chloride or compound of sulfur and other corrosive compound. This sulfur containing industrial reactive gas combined with a high relative humidity and saliferous environment (i.e. salt producing or salt containing environment) can generate a harsh, corrosive atmosphere and also the presence of environmental gases containing [1] (such as NO2 , SO2 ,H2S, CO2 and Cl2 ) at particular Ppm/Ppb in conjunction with a certain level of relative humidity can have strong damaging effect on the control and monitoring and electronic instrumentation (such as PCB's, IC's, connector, contactor, switches and hermetic packages, etc.). An industrial reactive gas along with certain level of relative humidity accelerates corrosive reaction in electronic components of instrumentation system. This corrosive reaction in the electronic instrumentation containing electronic component results in decaying of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) tracks, destroying of Integrated Circuits (IC's) and failure of control and monitoring system. For the protection of electronic instrumentation system from devastating effect of corrosive reactive gases and its compound, different mitigation plan have been discussed in this paper.

A Study of an Engine Management System for Noise Cancellation Using Electronic Control Unit for Modern Automobiles

Vol. 4  Issue 4
Year:2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:A Study of an Engine Management System for Noise Cancellation Using Electronic Control Unit for Modern Automobiles
Author Name:S. Thilagam and P. Karthigaikumar 
Synopsis:
The desired performance of an automobile engine depends on fuel efficiency, air intake and spark timing. Initially, the performance of an engine is measured by the engine output torque and Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) and is achieved through some combinations of mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic systems. Now, the design of Electronic Control Unit acts as a mediator between various input signals and control parameters to improve the overall performance of the engine. This paper focuses on the study of an Electronic Engine Control Unit for Noise Cancellation with relevant sensors and actuators used in modern Automobile systems.

Issues and Challenges in Security Based Computer Vision Systems

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:Issues and Challenges in Security Based Computer Vision Systems
Author Name:E.SabariNathan and E.Manoj 
Synopsis:
High speed computer networks, the Internet and the World Wide Web have developed the way in which digital data is dispersed. The extensive and informal entrees to hypermedia fillings and prospect to make limitless reproduction, deprived of loss of substantial loyalty, have interested the vital for a numerical privileges organization. The extensive use of the Internet and World Wide Web has altered the way digital data is felt. The tranquil entree of images, musical leaflets and movies has adapted the growth of data hiding, by insertion with importance on copyright protection, contentbased authentication, tamper proofing, annotation and covert communication. Data hiding deals with the capability of embedding data into a digital cover with a least amount of perceivable dilapidation, i.e., the entrenched data is invisible or inaudible to a mortal spectator. This paper is a full review of miscellaneous image processing approaches and huge number of interconnected solicitations. In this paper, the dissimilar present methods are deliberated with the problems of the current system and also has elucidated their forthcoming scope.

Aadhaar Identity Based Electronic Voting Machine With Instant Result Announcement

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:Aadhaar Identity Based Electronic Voting Machine With Instant Result Announcement
Author Name:R.Karpagavani, M.Mangai, D.Meena, E.Poonguzhali and Chitravalavan
Synopsis:
Voting system using cloud storage for instant result announcement has been introduced in this paper. Each citizen of India has an unique Aadhaar id which contains the Aadhaar number, Quick Response (QR) code, fingerprint and the iris scan details. But for identification and authentification, QR code and the fingerprints are taken respectively. In this proposed model, a voter can vote from anywhere and from any constituency of India. Counting will be done automatically and thus reduces the manpower and huge time. So that the Election Commission of India can easily announce the results within a short span of time.

Multi-Featured Information Display System

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:Multi-Featured Information Display System
Author Name:B.Teja Reddy, K.K.Deepika, R.S.Ravi Sankar and V.Mani Babu 
Synopsis:
Information display system proposed in this paper is an efficient, wireless and smart mode of communication in public places. Public announcement system, programmable sign boards, notices in hard copy form, etc are hardwired, complex in nature, requires manpower and have some time-delay. All these limitations are overcome by the proposed model. This paper describes an advanced notice board that can be operated with GSM technology or with a PC with an administrator. It is GSM based that displays information upon receiving SMS from an authorized user. Use of GSM technology for communication enables the remote operation. The LED board can also be connected to a PC, to display the message. This work is done by designing and integrating the hardware and software with a microcontroller, GSM module, PIR sensor, and a LED display.

Web Based Control in Agricultural Automation

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:Web Based Control in Agricultural Automation
Author Name:Deebika.S, Abinaya.P.S and Dhanasekar.J 
Synopsis:
Web-based control systems can provide more access, more flexibility, more interoperability, and can provide benefits over a wider area than conventional control system. It has been attracting increasing interest in supporting a new generation of ubiquitous computing systems with great potential for many applications such as surveillance, environmental monitoring, health care monitoring or home automation. A web-based system is one in which the primary user interface is provided through web pages which are accessed with a standard web browser. Monitoring conditions, running reports, changing set points, changing schedules, receiving and responding to alarms, downloading updated control programs and graphics are all the typical activities an operator may do on a day-to-day basis which are handled through a browser. Here the authors discuss about the implementation of this wonderful technique for the agricultural automation. The land parameters such as water, temperature, and humidity will be measured periodically through a microcontroller and will be displayed in the web portal. If the water goes below a particular level, the motor will be ON and it will be intimated to the farmer through GSM. The owner of the agricultural field can anytime check the status of the irrigation land with the help of a data logger. Therefore in this project, the authors use a simple calling which help the farmers to ON/OFF the motor without their physical presence in the field.

Monitoring of Diesel Level in Glass Manufacturing Industries With an Automated Fire Extinguishing System

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:Monitoring of Diesel Level in Glass Manufacturing Industries With an Automated Fire Extinguishing System
Author Name:K. Suresh Kumar and D. Logeshraj 
Synopsis:
Glass manufacturing Industries deal with very high temperatures, as the molten material has to solidify to form a perfect glass. Even a small variation in any of the requirements will lead to failure of the desired glass work. A seamless power supply is a major requirement for the glass manufacturing industries. They use diesel generators in addition to grid supply, to power their workstations because the grid power supply is unreliable. Manual monitoring of diesel level in diesel generators is always a daunting task and can also lead to manual errors. Remote monitoring of these sites can reduce the amount of time spent on routine visits especially for diesel refills and can completely eradicate the occurrence of manual errors. This project proposes design and implementation of a remote diesel level monitoring system with an automated fire extinguishing system using wireless sensor network. The diesel level is to be sensed and transmitted wireless using ZigBee to a remote base station for processing and analysis. The system can be made secure by providing an automated fire extinguishing system, as the chances for fire accidents are high in diesel generators, as diesel is highly inflammable. The system can alert its officials by sending SMS using a GSM system. Alert can be given using different languages as an industry is a place where people speak different languages at work. Thus monitoring of diesel level in glass manufacturing industries with an automated fire extinguishing system can be done.

ATM Password Encryption Using LCD Pad

Vol. 4  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:Aug-Oct
Title:ATM Password Encryption Using LCD Pad
Author Name:M. Pushpavalli, R. Chandraleka and K. Ramya
Synopsis:
This paper describes about the prevention of hacking at the ATM centers. LCD pads have been used in the ATM centers, instead of mechanical keypads. It avoids 99% hacking at the ATM centers. Nowadays, one of the most challenging problems of the world is hacking of pin number in the ATM centers. It majorly occurs due to the use of Mechanical Keyboards and one main problem is key de-bouncing, that occurs in these mechanical keyboards. To overcome this, LCD pads are used. Based on the properties of human vision and the traditional cryptography, messages are graphically encoded and hidden into the password displayed on an LCD screen. The digits will be changed or reversed so as to provide security. The message recovery and decoding can be achieved through manipulating the corresponding password entered. LCD pads can thus be replaced for the mechanical Keyboards in order to prevent hacking at the ATM centers.

A Survey of Techniques for Real Time Computer Vision Systems

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul 
Title:A Survey of Techniques for Real Time Computer Vision Systems
Author Name:Sabarinathan.E and Manoj.E
Synopsis:
Efficacious recognition and consistent identification of visual features is an important problem in applications, such as Pattern Recognition, Structure from motion, Image Registration and Visual Localization. The input data takings, numerous arrangements such as audiovisual arrangements, interpretations from manifold cameras or multi- dimensional statistics from a scanner. Concurrent performance is a perilous demand to utmost of these applications, which necessitate the finding and corresponding of the visual features in real time. Although feature recognition and empathy approaches have been deliberate in the work due to their computational intricacy therefore pure software execution by unique hardware is far suitable in their performance for real time applications. This paper is a comprehensive review of diverse image processing methods and enormous number of interrelated solicitations in various disciplines, including various real time image processing challenges like Medical, Biometrics, Object Recognition, Artificial Intelligence, Image Indexing and Image Retrieval. In this paper, different existing techniques are discussedwith the application areas and also their future scope is explained .

Internet of Deep Sea Things: Acoustic Communication,Monitoring Water Pollution and Raw Parameters in Deep Sea

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul 
Title:Internet of Deep Sea Things: Acoustic Communication,Monitoring Water Pollution and Raw Parameters in Deep Sea
Author Name:M. Vignesh, R. Anish, S. Kanakaraj and S. Gnanathamilan 
Synopsis:
Intercontinental Submarines cannot communicate in deep sea and accomplish its purpose unless the accuracy of the signal is tested under the diverse acoustic sound waves. The various underwater noise signals are modulated into message signal like a blue whale up to 240dB, offshore seismic surveys up to 180dB and Peek rock movement up to 180dB could also negatively impact the transmission. The capability of reducing the disturbance signals by the ANFIS based band-pass filter obtains the actual message of underwater submarines. The real time embedded module is constructed with three systems. Firstly, Implementation of Sensor network for analyzing the water pollution in ocean. Secondly, Oceanographic system for analyzing the number of ocean reflected signals visible by the global positioning data. Thirdly, DisasterManagement System(DMS)measuring the sensible parameters (like temperature and pressure) of the deep sea. The implementation of Internet of Things is aweb tool developed for dynamically adjusting and controlling the behavior of submarines and also it communicates with each other to interact with the machine using real time informationwith high encryption standard.

Robot Movement Using MEMS Sensor for Military Application

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul 
Title:Robot Movement Using MEMS Sensor for Military Application
Author Name:A. M. Shriram, and K.R. Deepak
Synopsis:
The paper describes about MEMS based Robot which is a kind of robot that can be controlled by our handmovements rather than ordinary old switches and keypad. Already, conventional system performs its task with the help of lithium battery but in this concept, battery backup ismade with optimal concept. The charging concept in the existing systemis overcome with help of solar cells in this project. Micro-Electro- Mechanical Systems consists of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electrical and electronics devices on a common silicon substrate. The sensors in MEMS gather information from the environment through measuring mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical, optical, and magnetic Substance.

Implementation of Portable Health Monitoring System for Soldiers Using Virtex FPGA Kit

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul 
Title:Implementation of Portable Health Monitoring System for Soldiers Using Virtex FPGA Kit
Author Name:B. Ponmalathi, M. Shenbagapriya and M. Bharanidharan
Synopsis:
Soldier's health ismore important because they are the defenders who protect our country. Soldier's are affected due to the irregularmonitoring and unavailability of resources at the border. Seriousmanagement problems and less quality of health care leads to various problems inmilitary camp. Real time healthmonitoring enables the detection of abnormal health conditions. Wearable health sensors are drawing serious attention. These devices will transform medical care in unimagined ways. The proposed method will continuously monitor the health condition by using bio sensors and transform health parameter by providing doctors with real time physiological data. Bio sensors are used to detect the soldier's vital parameters such as blood pressure, temperature and pulse rate. Soldier's vital parameters can easily be monitored at a central monitoring station and allow the doctors at the medical camp to know about soldier's health condition. This remote monitoring of the soldier provides a real time storage, visualization and analysis of the physiological data overmobile. Soldier's vital parameters are processed by Virtex FPGA kit. Soldier's vital parameters are measured and stored in the formof Electronic health record using IEEE 11073-10407 for future purpose.

Autonomous Robots for Agriculture Field

Vol. 4  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul 
Title:Autonomous Robots for Agriculture Field
Author Name:M. Pushpavalli, K. Ramya and R. Chandraleka
Synopsis:
Agriculture plays a very important role in human survival. Now - a - days, the availability of manual power has gradually reduced. In order to reduce the manual work power in the field of agriculture, the authors have proposed a model of multi-purpose agricultural robot to perform dropping seeds, monitoring crops, de-weeding, irrigation and pesticide supply. To provide a proper monitoring, the authors have used a technique of the line following robots. This will involve efficient utilization of water resources, intensive plant and soilmonitoring, condition based use of fertilizers and the ability towork in unstructured environments.

FGPA Usage of Modified Diffie-Hellman Key Trade calculation utilizing Zero Knowledge Proof

Vol. 4  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr 
Title:FGPA Usage of Modified Diffie-Hellman Key Trade calculation utilizing Zero Knowledge Proof
Author Name:Sri Harsha Davuluri, Srinivas Bachu and K. Satya Sujith
Synopsis:
There are networks and entity groupings that require authentications while preserving the privacy of the entity being authenticated. Zero – Knowledge Proof (ZKP) plays a vital role in authentications without revealing the secret information. The proposed work carries criticism of ZKP, and Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange Algorithm (DHKEA). A new ZKP has been proposed based on modifications of the DHKEA. As per the modifications, two versions of the proposed protocols were developed. Verilog HDL is effectively utilized to complete the design of the proposed protocols. Results will be verified through simulations and FPGA target board. The proposed tradition fulfills the ZKP properties and are secured against discrete logarithm strike and man-in-the middle attack. The proposed figuring serves as key exchange count with the development to affirmation organizations.

Virtual Experiments in Physics through Computer Technology: Simulation Model of Thevenin Theorem

Vol. 4  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr 
Title:Virtual Experiments in Physics through Computer Technology: Simulation Model of Thevenin Theorem
Author Name:K. R. Patel and V. D. Patel 
Synopsis:
This paper concerned an application of SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) in the field of electronics. In this paper, authors build up controlled simulation of Thevenin Theorem in the interest of student's practical work. A Wonderware (Intouch 9.0 – Demo), SCADA system was used to build up simulation. Visual basic language is used to program appropriate components of simulation to obtain identical simulation. Entire simulations build up in two separate parts in a single combined application. One Part will provide experimental platform of actual circuit containing three resistors and one source. Second Part provides equivalent replaced circuit containing one source and one resistor as per Thevenin theorem. Simulation contain all required components like Variable Power source, Voltmeter, Ameter, Cables, Resistors which were used in the actual experiment. A group of students were examined to determine the capability of simulation model.

Development of Real Time Embedded Control System for Transfer Arm Examination Facility in PFBR

Vol. 4  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr 
Title:Development of Real Time Embedded Control System for Transfer Arm Examination Facility in PFBR
Author Name:R. Poornima and G. Kannan
Synopsis:
Transfer Arm (TA) is an offset arm type fuel-handling machine which is designed to handle core sub-assemblies consisting of fuel, absorber, blanket and reflector sub assemblies. The Transfer Arm Examination Facility (TAEF) control system is to facilitate the operation of Transfer Arm from the local control panel. The control system controls the raising and lowering of Guide Tube, raising and lowering of Gripper Hoist, rotation of Top Structure, opening and closing of Gripper Fingers and locking and unlocking of gripper hoist. The embedded control system has to be highly reliable as it will affect the safety and availability of nuclear plant. Hence, it is proposed to develop a real time embedded control system to carry out the safe operations on Transfer Arm. The project work involves, modelling the control logics (interlocks) using Safety Critical Application Development Environment (SCADE) suite, carryout the model coverage and simulation analysis and formal verification of the model using design verifier of the SCADE suite by creating few critical properties. The SCADE generated code has to be integrated with the hardware using cross complier, generate executable file and test the functionality system. The manual code shall contain necessary diagnostic logics to test the healthiness of the system. Adequate test cases have to be generated from the requirements. The status of all drives will be monitored through a GUI.

Circuit Merging Versus Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration - The HoMade Implementation

Vol. 4  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr 
Title:Circuit Merging Versus Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration - The HoMade Implementation
Author Name:Jean Perier ,Wissem Chouchene and Jean-Luc Dekeyser
Synopsis:
One goal of reconfiguration is to save power and the occupied resources. In this paper, we compare two different kinds of reconfiguration available on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and authors discuss their pros and cons. The first method that we study is circuit merging. This type of reconfiguration methods consists of sharing common resources between different circuits. The second method that we explore is Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR). It is specific to some FPGA, allowing well defined reconfigurable parts to be modified during run-time. Authors show that DPR, when available, has good and more predictable result in terms of occupied area. There is still a huge overhead in terms of time and power consumption during the reconfiguration phase. Therefore, authors show that circuit merging remains an interesting solution on FPGA because it is not vendor specific and the reconfiguration time is around a clock cycle. Besides, good merging algorithms exist even-though FPGA physical synthesis flow makes it hard to predict the real performance of the merged circuit during the optimization. We establish the comparison in the context of the HoMade processor.

Embedded Systems for the Internet of Things In Product Design Education

Vol. 4  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr 
Title:Embedded Systems for the Internet of Things In Product Design Education
Author Name:Tom Page
Synopsis:
The objective of this work identified whether there is a need to incorporate the Internet of Things (IoT) into the product design curriculum at the Loughborough Design School. Initial research into the subject area comprised an extensive literature review into the origins, growth, challenges and enabling technologies for the IoT. Furthermore, this work explored literature around IoT within the current curriculum and for product designers and graduates, however. Whilst this work considers the possibilities and capabilities through various visions and methods of application, the fundamentals of the technical side are considered in order to understand these possibilities for the IoT as a subject. A mixed-method research approach was design which used a structured questionnaire survey for product design students and interviews with design lecturers. The results revealed a majority agreement into the need and interest for the Loughborough Design School to incorporate IoT subject matter, however, with much debate (Ruhini, 2012) and discussion into how this may be envisioned. The work conclude with implementation through a mixed approach between basic technical teaching of microcontroller design applications combined with project-led problem based learning allowing students to combine their design skills into product concepts and prototypes in order to realise and develop the future Internet of Things. (Engk, 2014) (Hamblen, 2013).

Li-Fi Technology Light Source as a Hub of Data Transmission and Projection Display

Vol. 3  Issue 4
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Li-Fi Technology Light Source as a Hub of Data Transmission and Projection Display
Author Name:P. Manju, G. Marakatha Minu , G. Dev Jerusha and J. Banumathi
Synopsis:
Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity which is a new era of wireless communication and data sharing. There is an increase in internet users exponentially, but the Radio Spectrum is congested. Moreover, the demand for wireless data double each year. This paper focuses on developing a Li-Fi based system and analyzes its performance with respect to existing technology. LI-Fi technology also introduces the LUXIM LIFI technology and describes its integration into projection display systems. Wi-Fi is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, whereas Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined areas and for relieving radio interference issues.

Hardware Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks

Vol. 3  Issue 4
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Hardware Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks
Author Name:K.V.Ramanaiah and Siripurapu Sridhar
Synopsis:
Soft computing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) represent a family of statistical learning models inspired by the biological nervous systems for approximating functions based on large number of unknown inputs. Artificial Neural Networks are comprised of simple processing Neuron elements that possess numeric weighted interconnections arranged in a layered fashion, which can be tuned to make them adaptive to the given inputs. Hardware architectures for implementation of soft computing multi layer perceptron type feed forward artificial neural networks (MLPFFNN) targeting Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are presented. Hardware realization of ANN, to a large extent depends on the efficient implementation of a single neuron. Parallel digital system MLPFFNN architecture is designed in Verilog HDL language. The fast processing tendency of parallel neural network architectures makes them more suitable for implementation in VLSI technology. FPGA realization of ANNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task. The proposed neural network architecture is implemented in two phases; First phase includes training the neural network using MATLAB program, the second phase of implementation included the hardware implementation of trained parallel neural network targeting Xilinx high performance Virtex family FPGA devices. Hardware realization of ANNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task.

Implementing Remote Healthcare System in Rural Area of Bangladesh

Vol. 3  Issue 4
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Implementing Remote Healthcare System in Rural Area of Bangladesh
Author Name:Mahbubur Rahman, Abu Juha Ahmed Muid and Taslim Arefin 
Synopsis:
Rural healthcare system in a developing country like Bangladesh is lagging behind, because of its traditional infrastructure and resources management. The rural healthcare system is not well developed and planned and that's why is a very much costlier and lengthy process to the rural people to get modern healthcare services. The main purpose of this work is to design a healthcare network system that will enable rural patients to get modern facilities and healthcare, at reduced time and cost. This proposed model consists of three different sites – remote, regional and central office, with modern hospital, under the same network. A central database system has been proposed for storing health data. Data security and privacy will be ensured to both patient and doctor.

Automatic Surveillance System

Vol. 3  Issue 4
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Automatic Surveillance System
Author Name:E. Kiran Mahesh, D. Sai lohith and BukkasamudramNeetha Reddy
Synopsis:
In recent times new trends of technology are being introduced to ensure smart and easy way of life, and safety and security is also one of the major objective. Surveillance cameras are a great way to provide security for our homes or workplace. It provides us with video footage of any events that may happen. They also act as a visible deterrent to criminals. But this camera is fixed at one position to cover a required location as described in [1], and for different locations the user needs so many number of cameras for surveillance. This paper deals with the implementation of smart surveillance monitoring system using Arduino kit and some proximity sensors. The proposed security system will provide a new range of facility which is able to do more than two camera’s work at a time, and is also cost efficient.

Embedded Electronics in Textiles and Wearable Technology

Vol. 3  Issue 4
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Embedded Electronics in Textiles and Wearable Technology
Author Name:Tom Page 
Synopsis:
This paper aims to investigate into the applications and technology behind embedded electronics within wearable textiles in order to determine what direction it should take in order to thrive in the future. Wearable technology is a term that is highly ill-defined whose name and meaning has continued to evolve since the first abacus necklace in the early 1600's. A literature review will be used to analyse trends within wearable technology from its origin to its current state of the art. The comparing and contrasting of different papers will allow the current key technological barriers that could affect the future growth of electronic textiles within clothing to be identified, to aid the prediction of its future. As a result of the rapid growth of the internet of things, it will be found that wireless communication technology within electronics textiles is a fundamental piece of technology that will determine how e-textiles could expand in the future. Further interviews with experts and analysis of wearable antenna case studies will highlight the key technical challenges that are currently faced and a prediction will be made regarding whether wireless communications within electronic wearable textiles should develop to allow it to thrive in the future. The results show that within the next decade, wireless electronic wearable textile devices will not breach into mass production, will be used as an attachable accessory rather than being combined on a fibre level and will have to be used only on rigid thick items of clothing. This is due to limitations in washing electronics, under-researched mass manufacturing processes and a lack of a solution to a large reduction in wireless signal strength due to close proximity with the human body.